Organization Behavior in Management

- Management-Dhawal Mehta

- Systems make employees child dependent. There is a fundamental conflict between the interests of companies and the interests of proceedings

The MBA students have to study Motivation, Communication, Leadership, Job Satisfaction, Participation, Systems Thinking, Group Dynamics, etc. in a subject called Organization Behavior. Psychology and sociology have important contributions in this regard. Psychology studies a person's motivation, cognition, attitudes, learning ability, impulses, expectations and aspirations, etc. Everyone's psychological configuration is unique. In psychology, this is studied under individual differences. The unit of this subject is micro. It is subjective when sociology studies systems, their development, their collapse, system structures, bureaucracy, etc. Which can be called macro study. One question that has not yet been answered in Organization Behavior is whether individual characteristics (motivation, leadership ability, job skills) are responsible for the success of the organization or the characteristics of the system (participation, reward and punishment, delicacy of authority, management culture, etc.). Management behavior is based on the principle of control, command, and domination, to which different employees respond differently, whether working in the company or not working or not showing interest in work or considering work as an addiction. The concepts of psychology or sociology alone do not work. The overwhelming challenge of science is the establishment of causation. There can be multiple solutions to multiple causes.

Abraham Maslow put the concept of Need Hierarchy important to the field of management. Every human being needs self-fulfillment after fulfilling his or her needs for food, security, self-respect, etc. But in this idea, if the organization continues to dominate, exploit and bully the employees, one cannot achieve self-realization or self-fulfillment by staying in the organization. Getting the answer. The idea of ​​Maslow’s Need Hierarchy just hangs in the air as it is conceptual. Hence, OB is now the maid of the company's authorities.

Over the last several decades, psychology researchers have chosen two paths with the help of psychology. One way is to study the characteristics of a person (his attitude, cognition, personality, ability to learn, entrepreneurship). Focusing on how different each person is from other people in the above matter is called the field of study of 'individual differences'. Psychologists call it functionalism. Systematic psychology has chosen another path of behaviorism and self. Pro. B. F. Skinner has become the guru of behaviorism. According to the paradigm of behaviorism, one has to ignore all the thoughts, consciousness, feelings, hopes, disappointments in one's mind. The internal processes within a person cannot be seen or measured. All you have to do is study the behavior of the person and the company will change the behavior of the person through rewards and punishments (which reside not in the person but in his external environment). Reward (praise, reward, publicly honor, raise his salary a lot, etc.) for the behavior that the company wants the person to do, and ignore the behavior of the employees that you dislike which can be considered punishment. B.F. Skinner developed behavior-changing technology that was very popular with practical American businessmen. There is no need to change the consciousness, just change the behavior of the person with reward and punishment. Became Skinner's guru mantra.

Of course, the original pioneer of behaviorism was not BF Skinner, but JB Watson, a professor of American psychology whose 1915 psychology from the standpoint of a behaviorist is considered the bible of behaviorism.

Organization Behavior

The 1970's saw a major shift in management behavior. Scholar Professor Douglas McGregor created Psychology-based Theory X and Theory Y, and re-emphasized the group of employees discussed in the earlier hormone experiment. Chris Argiris, a well-known management scholar, says that systems (companies) make employees child-like dependents. Here, he said, there is a fundamental conflict between the interests of companies and the interests of operations. Theory X is the traditional or conservative beliefs about the company's employees and Theory Y is the progressive beliefs about the company's employees. Douglas McGregor deceived us by calling it Theory X and Theory Y. This is not a theory, it is a preconceived notion about worklife. There is no resource support for Theory X or Theory Y. McGregor's Theory Wyma has three times talked about the average human being being a common man's psyche that can be considered speculative without a resource base.

Maslow argues that the need for self-realization arises after a person's needs for appetite and self-preservation and social prestige are satisfied. Many self-realized individuals can achieve their self-actualization achievements by starving themselves, regardless of their reputation in society. There is no higher order in this. The subject of Organization Behavior still needs to be studied in depth in Psychology and Sociology.