The creation of matter from energy in the laboratory according to Einstein's 'E = mc2'

- Future Science-KR Chowdhury

This Lbert Einstein is considered one of the greatest scientists in the world. He gave the theory of relativity a hundred years ago today. Which is known in English as the 'General Theory of Relativity'. Einstein proved that matter and energy are interconnected. How much energy will be obtained from matter? To calculate it, he gave a world-famous formula. Stephen Hawkins notes in his book, Brief History of Time, that when you write a scientific equation in a book, readers feel that the book is getting harder. Until that happens, science should avoid showing equations in a book that makes it popular. However, he also noted that "if there is one equation in the world that is popular, it is Albert Einstein's E = mc2.

Those who know science know that 'matter and energy are two sides of the same coin'. In principle, matter can be converted into energy. In the same way energy can be turned into matter, although the experiment of turning the world into matter into energy was very heavy. Because Einstein's equation was used to obtain destructive power, that is, to make an atomic bomb. The US used the Japan atomic bomb. But to this day, scientists have not been able to convert energy into matter. This has been theoretically true so far, but has not been proven experimentally. But now the days have changed. For the first time in the world, scientists have created matter from energy in a laboratory. how?

Gregory Braitt and John A. Wheeler theoretically correct

An ion is a type of particle that does not have the same number of protons and electrons as an atom. Scientifically matter is made up of a special type of atom, which has its own fixed amount. Which has a special size i.e. volume. In the 19th, physicists Gregory Braitt and John A. Wheeler, in principle, explained one thing. He said that if a light particle collides head on, a pair of electrons with a positive charge and a positron with a positive charge are formed. At the time he noted in a research paper that it was almost impossible to do so experimentally. This was at a time when lasers were not invented. At the time, he suggested another alternative, that in the Patkal accelerator, heavy ion collisions could be performed. Scientists have just experimented in a laboratory based on this same theoretical thing.

Researchers at the Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York have created a substance according to Albert Einstein's theory and equation, using gold ions in the Relative Heavy Ion Collider (ILL) of the Department of Energy. When the collision of the actual particles was generated in the Patkal accelerator, a pair of electrons with three charges and a positron with a positive charge were formed. The phenomenon was recorded in the presence of light polarization and other scientific instruments. "We have made the predictions made by Brett and Wheeler come true," says the experimenting scientist.

Created matter from energy, how?

Albert Einstein's famous equation E = mc2, used to explain the theory of relativity, has recently been used by scientists to create matter. The Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York has created the material in the laboratory using the Department of Energy's Relative Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). He used the 'plasma state', the fourth physical state of matter, to create matter. Remember that matter in the plasma state is not in the form of atoms but in the form of its charged particles, i.e. ions. It was previously thought that ion particles in plasma would exhibit their own characteristics, similar to those of a gas molecule. But this belief of scientists has been refuted by recent experiments.

Modern experiments have shown that the properties of ion particles in a plasma state are similar to those of a molecule in a liquid. Scientists have recently had success in creating matter from energy according to the Albert Einstein equation by moving the ion particle in the plasma state at the speed of light. It is well known that ... scientists found two charged particles of gold. At a speed of 4.5 percent of the light, the particles were pushed into the acceleration collision ring and brought into motion. Magnets are used in the ring of particle accelerator (Patkal Accelerator) with a very precious and highly magnetic field. Which produces a high type of electromagnetic field in the collision ring. The path through which the particle passes through the ring, and the magnetic field remains the same even in the perpendicular field rotating 90 degrees. Which produces virtual 'photon' particles.

Whose speed is equal to the constant velocity of light, i.e. 2,6,7,8 meters per second. The arrangement inside the Patkal accelerator effectively creates light particles i.e. photons. Now when the ion particles in the ring of the Patkal accelerator travel at almost the speed of light, the photons of light also travel around it. At this point you feel like the photon's 'mini cloud' is traveling in the ring.

Theory of Relativity

In 1908, Albert Einstein caused shockwaves in the world of science by discovering physics and shaking the world. He declared that the speed of light remains constant for anyone, whether moving or stationary. To put it simply, if two trains travel in the same direction at the same speed, the passenger inside feels the train is stationary. As the speed of one of the two trains increases, the viewer feels that his train is stationary, and the other train is moving. When, according to Albert Einstein's Theory of Relativity, a person is stationary or moving, moving in any direction, the speed of light always seems to be the same.

In short in the current prevailing universe, go anywhere, you will see the same speed of light. "The speed of light is always the same," said Albert Einstein in The Theory of Relativity. Yet he made a revelation explaining the phenomenon of the creation of the universe. When the universe was created and the inflation of the universe suddenly started rising. Then the speed of light does not remain constant. Simply put, in a state called inflation after the creation of the universe, light can be seen moving faster than its fixed speed. In short, except for the inflationary state of the universe, the speed of light is always constant. I.e. do not get distracted.

After ten years of research, Albert Einstein combined the theory of acceleration with the theory of special relativity and introduced the "General Theory of Relativity" in 1917. Due to which new concepts were added to physics. Which is known as the fourth dimension. This is known in scientific language as the concept of 'space and time'. Due to the large size of the objects, there is a change in the dimension called 'space and time' i.e. distortion. A special force is experienced due to a change in dimension. Which we call gravity.

Miracle of Relative Heavy Ion Collider-RHIC

The Relative Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) used by the Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York, run by the Department of Energy, has state-of-the-art facilities. It has a special type of STAR detector. Which can very accurately record the kinematic distribution between particles. Which shows the result, the collision of the actual photo particle. During the collision of gold particles in the Patkal accelerator, the gold ion is converted into a gold atom by pulling the scattered electrons towards itself in the process of photon creation. In this way, scientists have succeeded in creating gold molecules in the laboratory. During the experiment, scientists observed that more than six thousand pairs of electrons were emitted. A recent sensational research paper on substance creation has been published in the Journal of Physical Review Letter. Thus what seemed impossible for centuries. That is what scientists have made possible. According to Albert Einstein's equation E = mc2, matter is shown to be created from energy.

In an interview with the Live Science website, the scientist said that 'seeing matter being created in the real world is a very difficult physical phenomenon, as photons are converted into gamma rays in moments of creation. Which produces a 'laser' of gamma rays. Gamma radiation cannot be seen with the naked eye. This phenomenon can only be confirmed by the use of special types of sensing and scientific instruments, by obtaining accurate observations and statistics. When two real particles collide, they sometimes react like virtual particles. The experimenting scientists are satisfied that they have passed Albert Einstein's theory with one hundred percent marks by creating the object in the laboratory.