Vaccine Expert: Edward Jenner

- Researchers around the world are working on vaccine research to control corona. That vaccination was started by Edward Jenner three and a half hundred years ago.

- In 1967, the World Health Organization launched a worldwide vaccination campaign to eradicate smallpox anywhere in the world. As a result, the world was declared cold-free in 1980. There have been and continue to be many kinds of humanitarian campaigns in the world to save lives. But according to the health organization, no other effort has saved as many lives as Edward's research!

May 19. A doctor in England wonders if everyone gets smallpox, but why doesn't Sarah Nams, a shepherd who gets this milk, get infected? If there was a common man, he would not have this question. But he was a doctor by profession, he was interested in knowing the reason.

Further inquiries by a woman who went out to distribute cow's milk revealed that she did not have smallpox, but did have cowpox. After knowing that, the doctor became more interested. After observing for a few days, the doctor realized that those who get cowpox may not get smallpox.

That was the assumption, how can it be believed without proof?

So the doctor took some material from Cowpox. On May 17, James Phipps, an eight-year-old boy, was infected with the Caupex virus to prevent the spread of the disease. After a few days, smallpox virus was introduced into the child's body. The child should then be exposed to smallpox. But did not fall. Of course, there were some ups and downs in the child's health, but he eventually recovered. This reinforces the notion that those with cowpox are less likely to be infected with smallpox.

Treatment cannot be based on strong assumptions alone. So the doctor did this experiment on a total of 6 patients. The result was the same at the end of it all. That's when it became clear that the antidote for smallpox was in cowpox. The name of the doctor who confirmed this is Edward Jenner. With expertise at the top of vaccination science!

At that time, anything would be acceptable in the world of science only if Britain's 'Royal Society' accepted it. In 19th Edward wrote a letter to the Society with supporting evidence, but the Society did not accept it. Dr. Joseph Bank, then president of the Society, did not understand the importance of Edward's research. In the second year, Jenner wrote another paper with more evidence. Also printed a small vaccination booklet (the title, however, was 4 words!). Before the Society could offer any assistance, Jenner, who had moved to London from the countryside, was supported by one or two doctors and the vaccination process progressed. As a result, by the year 1900, the medical world of England began to believe that Jenner's method worked.

Jenner's method spread beyond England to other European countries. Doctors from all over Europe wrote letters to Edward asking for the vaccine, giving it to smallpox patients, and with good results. The vaccine crossed the Atlantic and reached the United States (then New England). Thomas Jefferson was then President of the United States and he became very interested in this vaccine so he started its widespread use.

However many experts were angry with Edward's method and considered it a disturbance in nature. They were religious leaders. He believed that death was determined by nature, why should a needle needle be inserted into it! But people had more faith in Edward's research than the clergy's discourses.

The history of smallpox is tens of thousands of years old. When Prince Ramsay of Egypt opened the fifth mummy, he also had smallpox on his face. Smallpox is mentioned in ancient Chinese texts and in our Sanskrit texts. That is, for centuries the epidemic has ruled over the seven continents of the earth. But the two drops discovered by Edward Jenner erased the history of smallpox thousands of years old.

Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine, which at that time killed nearly four million people worldwide each year. Five kings of England had gone to heaven and hell due to smallpox. In 191, a smallpox outbreak in Boston, USA, infected half the city's population. One-third of those who contracted smallpox lost their lives, and those who survived became ugly. Smallpox scabs made his body look like kathir from kanchan. The torment of smallpox in India and its beliefs is no stranger.

Under such circumstances, Edward not only discovered the smallpox vaccine, he also started vaccination. The word 'vaccination' used today is also his day. The Latin word 'waka' meant 'coming from a cow'. From it Edward gave the word

'Vaccination'. Prior to Edward's discovery, many viruses or bacteria entered the body and became unconscious.

Edward vaccinated the world with a strong cycle of protection against viruses and bacteria. Along with vaccination, Edward also laid the foundations for 'immunization'. Today's medical science stands on these foundations. It is common knowledge today that when a baby is in the womb, its mother and as the baby gets older, the baby is vaccinated with a variety of vaccines to fight the epidemic in the body.

Edward was born on May 17, 19 in Gloucestershire, England. Edward Jenner started working with doctors at the age of 16. At the age of 21, Jenner arrived in London, where he studied under the then-renowned physician George Harwick. At that time modern medicine was still developing. Doctors also adopted Ayurvedic rituals for treatment (of course, they did not know that the rituals were Ayurvedic) and treated with the help of plant-vines.

Jenner was more interested in natural sciences. So he studied the living species that he had brought with Captain James Cook, who had sailed the world at that time. On the second trip in 18, Cook invited Edward to accompany him. But the long journey was not possible for Edward, who was interested in many subjects. He was also interested in geology and made balloons flying in the air. But his widespread recognition as a vaccinator continued.

Over time, one country after another adopted the vaccination system. In 180 the British government announced that the vaccine was free for all people. The vaccine also reached countries like India where the British ruled and was given free doses. The British government built a large pension in appreciation of Edward's work. Edward was long ago advised by his mentor, Dr. John Hunter, that there was a greater need for medical science in rural areas than in cities. So after establishing himself as a vaccinator, Edward moved to his hometown of Gloucestershire, where he was treated. He did not care much about fame. He built a hut in the garden of his house, which he named 'Temple of Vaccinia'. From there he treated and vaccinated the poor for free. He died here at the age of 18.

Edward discovered the method of vaccination and a vaccine for a disease. There were many diseases on earth. So following in the footsteps of Edward, other researchers also developed new vaccines.

Benjamin: A researcher who tried the vaccine before Jenner

At the age of 18, Benjamin Jesley, a farmer from England, tried to find a smallpox vaccine using cowpox. But Jesse was a farmer, not a doctor. Jesley tried his best but people humiliated him instead of accepting the new research. In previous years, however, the British Parliament applauded Jessely's efforts, and even today she is held in high esteem in the science of vaccination.

Pre-vaccination treatment method

Thomas Syndham, a 19th century English doctor with a name in medical history, invented a method for smallpox patients not to light a fire in his room, to keep the windows always open, to cover the waist ... etc. Then came the 'variolation' method of entering the body from the front. At the time, it was thought that once an epidemic broke out, especially in childhood, it would not last a lifetime. Even today this belief is not completely eradicated. This means that parents or doctors would walk in front of the body of young children for treatment and inject the smallpox virus. It causes smallpox, a minor disease that is not very serious, and in a short time, in most cases, even the soil disappears. Then I didn't have to be afraid of smallpox for the rest of my life. This method was dangerous, but was adopted at that time as there was no other way. This is how Edward himself was treated! He was given Tilanjali after vaccination.

The Rasi Temple, which is now a museum, is where Edward used to sit and treat.

The relationship between Edward and Napoleon

Rejoicing when he learned of the invention of the vaccine, Napoleon, who was calling for Europe despite being a scientist from his enemy country, congratulated Edward. Napoleon, an appreciative scientist, vaccinated the entire French army in 1905. At the time, two British doctors were being held captive by Napoleon in France. Edward wrote a letter to release him. Napoleon read the letter and said, 'We can't deny Edward, release the prisoners!' Napoleon maintained the respect of Edward until the end.

The last case of smallpox

There are two types of smallpox, Variola Minor (less severe) and Variola Major (more severe). Major's last case was reported in Bangladesh on the 19th. Rahima Banu, a two-year-old girl, was diagnosed with the disease naturally and was the last patient in the history of medical science. Rahima was in custody with her mother at the time. The girl was kept at home for twenty-four hours until she recovered so that she would not go out and spread smallpox!

The case of Variola Minor was reported in Somalia on the 19th. A man named Ali Malin was diagnosed with smallpox and was treated and died of malaria in 2015! The last person to die of smallpox was Janet Parker of England. The woman died on September 11, 19 before she could be treated. His mother, who lived with him, also contracted smallpox, but was able to recover. Our earth is now completely free of smallpox for the last four decades.